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Library of models of technological devices

Name:	TechApp
Founded:	october 2005
Version:	1.0.0
State:	Free (GPL)
Author:	Roman Savochenko, Maxim Lysenko (2007,2010), Ksenia Yashina (2007)
Description:	Provides the library of models of technological devices.
Address:	DB in file: SQLite.LibDB.techApp (oscadalibs.db.gz)

About the library

The library is created to provide the models of devices of technological processes. The library is not static, but based on the module JavaLikeCalc, allowing to create calculations on the Java-like language.

To address the functions of the library you can use static call address "DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp.{Func}()" or dynamic "SYS.DAQ.JavaLikeCalc["lib_techApp"]["{Func}"].call()", "SYS.DAQ.JavaLikeCalc["lib_techApp"].{Func}()". Where {Func} — function identifier in the library.

To connect the library to the project of the OpenSCADA station it is possible by downloading the attached file of the database, placing it in in the database directory of the station's project and creating the database object for the DB module "SQLite", indicating the database file in the configuration.

For each function it was evaluated the execution time. Measurements were made on the system with the following parameters: Athlon 64 3000 + (2000MGts) + ALTLinux 5.1, 32bit by measuring the total execution time of the function when you call it 1000 times. Selection was made for the smallest value of the five computations. Time is in angle brackets and is measured in microseconds.

1 Conception

The basis of the model of each unit is the calculation of the input flow and output pressure based on the input pressure and output flow. In general, models of technological devices are described by difference equations for discrete machines.

Based on the functions of this library you can easily and quickly build models of technological processes in the module BlockCalc by combining the blocks in accordance with the technological scheme. Example of combination of several devices of the technological scheme is shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1. An example of the block scheme of the technological process.

The basis of the model of any technological device are two basic formulas, namely the formula of flow and pressure. The canonical formula of the flow computation for the pipe section, or restriction of flow area is given by (1).

(1)

The actual density is calculated by the formula (2).

(2)

Each tube makes the dynamic resistance to the flow associated with the friction of the pipe walls and that depends on the flow velocity. The dynamic resistance of the pipe is expressed by (3). The total flow of the medium, taking into account the dynamic resistance is calculated by formula (4).

(3)

(4)

Equation (1) describes the laminar outflow of medium to critical velocities. In the case of exceeding the critical flow velocity the calculation is made by the formula (5). A universal formula for calculating the flow at all speeds will have the formula (6).

(5)

(6)

In dynamical systems the change of the flow at the end of the pipe does not change instantaneously, but lags behind the time travel of the medium plot from the beginning of the pipeline to its end. The time depends on the length of the pipe and velocity of the medium in the pipe. Delay of the flow changing at the end of the pipe can be described by formula (7). The resulting formula for calculating of the the flow in the pipe, taking into account the above features, written in the form (8).

(7)

(8)

The pressure of the medium in the volume is usually calculated identically for all cases by formula (9).

(9)

2 The library structure

The library contains about two dozen of models of the often needed technological processes devices and supporting elements. The functions' names and its parameters are available in three languages: English, Russian and Ukrainian.

Lag (lag) <1.2>

Description: Lag model. You can use this for sensors' variables lag imitation.
Parameters:

Program:
out-=(out-in)/(t_lg*f_frq);

Noise (2 harmonic + rand) (noise) <3.5>

Description: Noise model. Contain three parts:

• first harmonic part;
• second harmonic part;
• noise based on randomize generator of numbers.

Parameters:

Program:
tmp_g1=(tmp_g1>6.28)?0:tmp_g1+6.28/(per_g1*f_frq); tmp_g2=(tmp_g2>6.28)?0:tmp_g2+6.28/(per_g2*f_frq); out=off+a_g1*sin(tmp_g1)+a_g2*sin(tmp_g2)+a_rnd*(rand(2)-1);

Ball crane (ballCrane) <1.4>

Description: Ball crane model. Include going and estrangement time.
Parameters:

Program:
if( !(st_close && !com) && !(st_open && com) ) { tmp_up=(pos>0&&pos<100)?0:(tmp_up>0&&lst_com==com)?tmp_up-1./f_frq:t_up; pos+=(tmp_up>0)?0:(100.*(com?1.:-1.))/(t_full*f_frq); pos=(pos>100)?100:(pos<0)?0:pos; st_open=(pos>=100)?true:false; st_close=(pos<=0)?true:false; lst_com=com; }

Separator (separator) <14>

Description: Separator model included two phase: liquid and gas.
Parameters:

Program:
Fж=max(0,Fi*ProcЖ); DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp.pipeBase(Fi,Pi,293,Si,Fo+Fж,Po,293,So,lo,Q0,0.95,0.01,f_frq); Lж = max(0,min(100,Lж+0.27*(Fж-Fo_ж)/(Vap*Qж*f_frq))); Po_ж = Po + Lж*Vap/Qж;

Valve (klap) <19.5>

Description: Valve model, include:

• two valve in one;
• super-critical speed;
• temperature change on baffling;
• work to one side, back valve;
• valve position speed control;
• nonlinear cut changing by open position.

Parameters:

Program:
Qr=Q0+Q0*Kpr*(Pi-1); tmp_l1 += (abs(l_kl1-tmp_l1) > 5) ? 100*sign(l_kl1-tmp_l1)/(t_kl1*f_frq) : (l_kl1-tmp_l1)/(t_kl1*f_frq); tmp_l2 += (abs(l_kl2-tmp_l2) > 5) ? 100*sign(l_kl2-tmp_l2)/(t_kl2*f_frq) : (l_kl2-tmp_l2)/(t_kl2*f_frq); Sr=(S_kl1*pow(tmp_l1,Kln)+S_kl2*pow(tmp_l2,Kln))/pow(100,Kln); DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp.pipeBase(Fi,Pi,Ti,Sr,EVAL_REAL,Po,293,So,lo,Q0,Kpr,0.01,f_frq); if( noBack ) Fi = max(0,Fi); Po = max(0,min(100,Po+0.27*(Fi-Fo)/(Q0*Kpr*So*lo*f_frq))); To = max(0,min(2e3,To+(abs(Fi)*(Ti*pow(Po/Pi,0.02)-To)+(Fwind+1)*(Twind-To)/Riz)/(Ct*So*lo*Qr*f_frq)));

Lag (clear) (lagClean) <2.9>

Description: Model of clear lag (transportable). Provide fir include some simple lag chains. Appointed for lags into long pipes.
Parameters:

Program:
cl1-=(cl1-in)/(t_lg*f_frq/4); cl2-=(cl2-cl1)/(t_lg*f_frq/4); cl3-=(cl3-cl2)/(t_lg*f_frq/4); out-=(out-cl3)/(t_lg*f_frq/4);

Boiler: barrel (boilerBarrel) <30.5>

Description: The model of the boiler's barrel.
Parameters:

Program:
// Water DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp.pipeBase(Fi1,Pi1,293,Si1,EVAL_REAL,Po1,293,So1,lo1,1e3,0.001,0.01,f_frq); Fi1 = max(0,Fi1); // Steam Lo = max(0,min(100,Lo+(Fi1-Fpara)*100/(Vi1*1000*f_frq))); To1 = (100*pow(Po1,0.241)+5)+273; if( Tv<To1 ) { Tv+=(k*S*(Ti2-Tv)-Fi1*0.00418*(Tv-Ti1))/f_frq; Fpara=0; } if( Tv >= To1 ) { Tv=To1; Lambda=2750.0-0.00418*(Tv-273); Fpara=(5*S*Fi2*(Ti2-Tv)-Fi1*0.00418*(Tv-Ti1))/(Po1*Lambda); } To2=Ti2-Tv/k; Po1 = max(0,min(100,Po1+0.27*(Fpara-Fo)/(1.2*0.98*((1-Lo/100)*Vi1+So1*lo1)*f_frq))); // Smoke gas DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp.pipeBase(Fi2,Pi2,293,Si2,Fo2,Po2,293,Si2,30,1.2,0.98,0.01,f_frq);

Boiler: burner (boilerBurner) <50.5>

Description: The fire chamber's of the boiler model which works with three fuels: blast-furnace gas, coke and natural gas.
Parameters:

Program:
using DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp; pipeBase(Fi1,Pi1,Ti1,Si1,EVAL_REAL,Po,293,So,lo,1.2,0.95,0.01,f_frq); Fi1 = max(0,Fi1); pipeBase(Fi2,Pi2,Ti2,Si2,EVAL_REAL,Po,293,So,lo,0.7,0.95,0.01,f_frq); Fi2 = max(0,Fi2); pipeBase(Fi3,Pi3,Ti3,Si3,EVAL_REAL,Po,293,So,lo,1.33,0.95,0.01,f_frq); Fi3 = max(0,Fi3); pipeBase(Fi4,Pi4,Ti4,Si4,EVAL_REAL,Po,293,So,lo,1.293,0.95,0.01,f_frq); Fi4 = max(0,Fi4); Neobhod_vzd = Fi1+10*Fi2+4*Fi3; F_DG = Fi1+Fi2+Fi3+Fi4; O2 = max(0,min(100,(Fi4-Neobhod_vzd)*100/F_DG)); CO = min(100, (O2<1) ? (1.2*abs(O2)) : 0); koef = min(1,Fi4/Neobhod_vzd); Q = koef*(8050*Fi2+3900*Fi3+930*Fi1); delta_t = Q/(F_DG*1.047); To = max(0,min(2000,(delta_t+(Ti4-273)+(Ti3-273)*(Fi3/Fi1)+(Ti2-273)*(Fi2/Fi1)+(Ti1-273)*(Fi1/Fi4))+273)); Po = max(0,min(10,Po+0.27*(F_DG-Fo)/(1.2*0.95*(So*lo+V)*f_frq)));

Network (loading) (net) <13>

Description: Loading with constant pressure on network. Contain parameter for noise connection.
Parameters:

Program:
DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp.pipeBase(Fi,Pi,293,So,EVAL_REAL,Po,293,So,10,Q0,Kpr,0.01,f_frq);

Source (pressure) (src_press) <12>

Description: Source pressure with constant pressure. Contained the parameter for noise connection.
Parameters:

Program:
DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp.pipeBase(Fit,Pi*Noise,293,So,Fo,Po,293,So,lo,Q0,Kpr,0.01,f_frq);

Air cooler (cooler) <16.5>

Description: Model of the air cooler for gas flow.
Parameters:

Program:
DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp.pipeBase(Fi,Pi,293,Si,Fo,Po,293,So,lo,Q0,0.95,0.01,f_frq); Qr = Q0+Q0*0.95*(Pi-1); To+=(Fi*(Ti-To)+Wc*(Tair-To)/Rt)/(Ct*(Si*li+So*lo)*Qr*f_frq);

Gas compressor (compressor) <12>

Description: Model of the gas compressor. Implement surge effect. Sarge count from the dynamic-gas curve, and next count coefficient of sarge margin.
Parameters:

Program:
Pmax = max(Pi,Po); Pmin = min(Pi,Po); Qr = Q0+Q0*Kpr*(Pi-1); Qrf = Q0+Q0*Kpr*(Pmax-1); Ftmp=(N>0.1)?(1-10*(Po-Pi)/(Qr*(pow(N,3)+0.1)*Kpmp)):1; Kzp=1-Ftmp; //Коэффиц. запаса Fi=V*N*Qr*sign(Ftmp)*pow(abs(Ftmp),Kslp)+ 0.3*(4*So*Qrf/(0.01*lo*1.7724+4*Qrf))*sign(Pi-Po)*pow(Qrf*(Pmax-max(Pmax*0.528,Pmin)),0.5); Fit -= (Fit-Fi)/max(1,(lo*f_frq)/max(1e-4,abs(Fi/(Qrf*So)))); Po = max(0,min(100,Po+0.27*(Fi-Fo)/(Q0*Kpr*So*lo*f_frq))); To+=(abs(Fi)*(Ti*pow(Po/Pi,0.3)-To)+(Fwind+1)*(Twind-To)/Riz)/(Ct*(V+So*lo)*Qr*f_frq);

Source (flow) (src_flow) <2.2>

Description: Source of constant flow. Contained parameter for noise connection.
Parameters:

Program:
Po = max(0,min(100,Po+0.27*(Noise*Fi-Fo)/(Q0*Kpr*So*lo*f_frq)));

Pipe-base (pipeBase) <11.5>

Description: Implementation of the basic foundations of the model pipe:

• Flow in the pipe, taking into account the speed, pressure drop, resistance due to friction and the critical flow.
• Calculation of pressure.
• Accounting for medium density and degree of compressibility for both gases and liquids.

Parameters:

Program:
Pmax = max(Pi,Po); Pmin = min(Pi,Po); Qr = Q0+Q0*Kpr*(Pmax-1); Fit = 630*(4*Si*So*Qr/(Ktr*lo*1.7724*Si+4*So*Qr))*sign(Pi-Po)*pow(Qr*(Pmax-max(Pmax*0.528,Pmin)),0.5); Fi -= (Fi-Fit)/max(1,(lo*f_frq)/max(1,abs(Fit/(Qr*So)))); if( !Fo.isEVal() ) Po = max(0,min(100,Po+0.27*(Fi-Fo)/(Q0*Kpr*So*lo*f_frq)));

Pipe 1->1 (pipe1_1) <36.5>

Description: Model of the pipe by scheme: 1 -> 1.
Parameters:

Program:
DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp.pipeBase(Fi,Pi,293,So,Ft1,Pti,293,So,0.33*lo,Q0,Kpr,0.01,f_frq); DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp.pipeBase(Ft1,Pti,293,So,Fto,Pt1,293,So,0.33*lo,Q0,Kpr,0.01,f_frq); DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp.pipeBase(Fto,Pt1,293,So,Fo,Po,293,So,0.33*lo,Q0,Kpr,0.01,f_frq);

Pipe 2->1 (pipe2_1) <26>

Description: Model of the pipe by scheme: 2 -> 1.
Parameters:

Program:
DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp.pipeBase(Fi1,Pi1,293,Si1,EVAL_REAL,Po,293,So,lo,Q0,Kpr,0.01,f_frq); DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp.pipeBase(Fi2,Pi2,293,Si2,EVAL_REAL,Po,293,So,lo,Q0,Kpr,0.01,f_frq); Po = max(0,min(100,Po+0.27*(Fi1+Fi2-Fo)/(Q0*Kpr*So*lo*f_frq))); To = max(0,To+(Fi1*(Ti1-To)+Fi2*(Ti2-To)+(Fwind+1)*(Twind-To)/Riz)/(Ct*So*lo*Q0*f_frq));

Pipe 3->1 (pipe3_1) <36>

Description: Model of the pipe by scheme: 3 -> 1.
Parameters:

Program:
DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp.pipeBase(Fi1,Pi1,293,Si1,EVAL_REAL,Po,293,So,lo,Q0,Kpr,0.01,f_frq); DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp.pipeBase(Fi2,Pi2,293,Si2,EVAL_REAL,Po,293,So,lo,Q0,Kpr,0.01,f_frq); DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp.pipeBase(Fi3,Pi3,293,Si3,EVAL_REAL,Po,293,So,lo,Q0,Kpr,0.01,f_frq); Po = max(0,min(100,Po+0.27*(Fi1+Fi2+Fi3-Fo)/(Q0*Kpr*So*lo*f_frq))); To = max(0,To+(Fi1*(Ti1-To)+Fi2*(Ti2-To)+Fi3*(Ti3-To)+(Fwind+1)*(Twind-To)/Riz)/(Ct*So*lo*Q0*f_frq));

Pipe 1->2 (pipe1_2) <25.5>

Description: Model of the pipe by scheme: 1 -> 2.
Parameters:

Program:
DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp.pipeBase(F1tmp,Pi,293,So1,Fo1,Po1,293,So1,lo1,Q0,Kpr,0.01,f_frq); DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp.pipeBase(F2tmp,Pi,293,So2,Fo2,Po2,293,So2,lo2,Q0,Kpr,0.01,f_frq); Fi=F1tmp+F2tmp;

Pipe 1->3 (pipe1_3) <36.5>

Description: Model of the pipe by scheme: 1 -> 3.
Parameters:

Program:
DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp.pipeBase(F1tmp,Pi,293,So1,Fo1,Po1,293,So1,lo1,Q0,Kpr,0.01,f_frq); DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp.pipeBase(F2tmp,Pi,293,So2,Fo2,Po2,293,So2,lo2,Q0,Kpr,0.01,f_frq); DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp.pipeBase(F3tmp,Pi,293,So3,Fo3,Po3,293,So3,lo3,Q0,Kpr,0.01,f_frq); Fi=F1tmp+F2tmp+F3tmp;

Pipe 1->4 (pipe1_4) <47.5>

Description: Model of the pipe by scheme: 1 -> 4.
Parameters:

Program:
DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp.pipeBase(F1tmp,Pi,293,So1,Fo1,Po1,293,So1,lo1,Q0,Kpr,0.01,f_frq); DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp.pipeBase(F2tmp,Pi,293,So2,Fo2,Po2,293,So2,lo2,Q0,Kpr,0.01,f_frq); DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp.pipeBase(F3tmp,Pi,293,So3,Fo3,Po3,293,So3,lo3,Q0,Kpr,0.01,f_frq); DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp.pipeBase(F4tmp,Pi,293,So4,Fo4,Po4,293,So4,lo4,Q0,Kpr,0.01,f_frq); Fi=F1tmp+F2tmp+F3tmp+F4tmp;

Valve proc. mechanism (klapMech) <3>

Description: Model of the valve process mechanism. Include going time (aperiodic chain of two level) and estrangement time.
Parameters:

Program:
if( (pos >= 99 && com >= 99) || (pos <= 1 && com <=1 ) ) { tmp_up = t_up; if(pos>=99) { pos=100; st_open=true; } else { pos = 0; st_close=true; } } else if( tmp_up > 0 ) tmp_up-=1./f_frq; else { st_open=st_close=false; lst_com+=(com-lst_com)/(0.5*t_full*f_frq); pos+=(lst_com-pos)/(0.5*t_full*f_frq); } pos_sensor+=(pos-pos_sensor)/(t_sensor*f_frq);

Diaphragm (diafragma) <14>

Description: Diaphragm model.
Parameters:

Program:
DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp.pipeBase(Fi,Pi,293,Sdf,Fo,Po,293,So,lo,Q0,Kpr,0.01,f_frq); dP -= (dP-100*(Pi-Po))/f_frq;

Heat exchanger (heatExch) <28.4>

Description: The model of the heat exchanger, it calculates the heat exchange of the two streams.
Parameters:

Program:
DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp.pipeBase(Fi1,Pi1,Ti1,Si1,Fo1,Po1,293,So1,lo1,Q0i1,Kpr1,0.01,f_frq); DAQ.JavaLikeCalc.lib_techApp.pipeBase(Fi2,Pi2,Ti2,Si2,Fo2,Po2,293,So2,lo2,Q0i2,Kpr2,0.01,f_frq); To1=max(0,min(1e4,(Fi1*Ti1*Ci1+ki*Fi2*Ti2*Ci2)/(Fi1*Ci1+ki*Fi2*Ci2))); To2=max(0,min(1e4,(ki*Fi1*Ti1*Ci1+Fi2*Ti2*Ci2)/(ki*Fi1*Ci1+Fi2*Ci2)));

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