The module of subsystem "Data acquisition" <DiamondBoards>
| Module: | DiamondBoards |
| Name: | Diamond cards of data acquisition |
| Type: | DAQ |
| Source: | daq_DiamondBoards.so |
| Version: | 2.1.0 |
| Author: | Roman Savochenko, Maxim Lysenko (2009) |
| Description: | Provides an access to " Diamond Systems" DAQ boards. Includes main support for all generic boards. |
| License: | GPL |
Introduction
The module provides for the system OpenSCADA support of dynamic data sources, based on the cards for data acquisition of Diamond Systems company (http://diamondsystems.com). The module based on the universal driver of the manufacturer of the boards. Universal driver is available for almost all known software platforms in the form of a library. Universal driver has been received at http://www.diamondsystems.com/support/software and it was included in the distribution kit of OpenSCADA, therefore, for the building of the module external libraries are not required. You need only an assembling of the Linux kernel module "dscudkp.ko" for working by interrupts and with FIFO.
The boards of data acquisition of Diamond Systems represent the modules of expansion of the PC/104 form-factor. Boards may include: analog IO (input/outputs), digital IO, and counters. Complete set of cards can vary greatly. There can be contained only one type of IO or some mix. In addition, the function of data acquisition can be given to the system boards of this company. For example, the motherboard "Athena" contains: 16 AI, 4 AO, 24 DIO.
The module provides support for analog and digital IO into synchronous and asynchronous access modes. Analog inputs (AI) acquisition supports also into an interruption mode (by FIFO assistance). The method of the acquisition on interruption allows to achieve maximum frequency of interrogation which it is supported by the hardware. In the case of "Athena" system board the frequency achieves 100 kHz. In acquisition on interruption process the data becomes by packages of the main acquisition period and places into an archives buffer.
In version 2.0 the module was in fact rewrote for providing the support of all wide-range boards of data acquisition of firm Diamond Systems. The result module is first which supports operating into all three modes of the data acquisition (synchronous, asynchronous, by packets), addition to the module is first data acquisition module of OpenSCADA system.1. Data controller's object
On the controller's object level creates generic task for all board-parameters processing. Example of the tab of configuration of the controller's object shown in Figure 1.
Fig.1. Tab of configuration of the controller's object.
In assistance with the tab you can set:
- The controller status, that is: state, states "Enabled" and "Started" and DB name with the configuration.
- Identifier, name and description of the controller's object.
- Status, in which the controller is to be switched at the boot time: "Enabled" and "Started".
- The table name for storing here of the controller's parameters configuration.
- Data acquisition task's scheduling policy and execution priority.
2. Parameter-board's object
A parameter-board's object same has a configuration of concrete board and provides available on the board data by attributes. Example of the tab "Parameter", configuration of the parameter-board at all, shown on Figure 2, and the tab "Configuration", signals properties, shown on Figure 3.
Fig.2. Tab "Parameter" of configuration of the parameter-board at all.
In assistance with the tab you can set:
- The parameter status, that is: type and status "Enabled".
- Identifier, name and description of the parameter's object.
- Status, in which the parameter is to be switched at the boot time: "Enabled".
- Type, address and vector of interruption of the board. The interruption vector allowed only for boards with the analog inputs and FIFO.
- Samplerate to single channel on the analog inputs acquisition by interrupt. Allowed only for boards with analog inputs and FIFO. Nonzero and correct value into this and previous field will enable the AI acquisition mode by interruption.
Real value of the field may be dropped to limit of the counter's frequency of service AI by interruption, on it recounting to a single channel.- Asynchronous reading mode, on the controller's object period. Working also into the AI acquisition mode by interruptions for discrete signals.
- Analog input values display mode: "ADC code (integer)", "Percent of the signal range (real)" and "Voltage (real)". The mode "Voltage" can not by allowed for all boards!
- Limit of analog parameters number in the processing. Useful for using lesser the channels number but frequently. Especially into the acquisition by interruptions mode and channel mode SE(single-ended) and "Differential" control.
Fig.3. Tab "Configuration" of the signal's properties.
In assistance with the tab you can set:
- Analog inputs scan interval, it defines time between samples into the AI acquisition by interruption mode.
In case of the requested samplerate and the interval too big then the result frequency may be dropped to a value got from the scan interval.- AI range configuration. Into the AI acquisition mode by interruptions uses a range from the zero input why into the brackets we see "(all inputs)".
- Groups of discrete inputs (channels) direction for DIO and an inversion mode of concrete discrete inputs.
On the Figure 4 shown an example of tab "Attributes" for board "DMM-32x-AT".
Fig.4. Tab "Attributes" of a parameter-board.
Into the table 1 shown a list of boards of firm "Diamond Systems", their support status and testing.
Table 1 Properties of firm "Diamond Systems" boards
| Board | AI (16 bit) | AO (12 bit) | DIO (x8) | DI (x8) | DO (x8) | Notes |
| DMM-16 | 16 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Ruby-MM | 0 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Opal-MM | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| DMM | 16 (12 bit) | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Pearl-MM | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |
| Onyx-MM | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
| Ruby-MM-416 | 0 | 4 (16 bit) | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| DMM-AT | 16 (12 bit, 100 kHz, 512 FIFO) | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| DMM-16-AT | 16 (100 kHz, 512 FIFO) | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| IR104 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | |
| Prometheus | 16 (100 kHz, 48 FIFO) | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Hercules EBX | 32 (250 kHz, 2048 FIFO) | 4 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Onyx-MM-DIO | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
| Mercator | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Athena | 16 (100 kHz, 48 FIFO) | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | Verified |
| DMM-32x(-AT) | 32 (250 kHz, 1024 FIFO) | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| GPIO-MM-11[12](DIO) | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
| GPIO-MM-21 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | |
| Poseidon | 32 (250 kHz, 1024 FIFO) | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Athena-II | 16 (100 kHz, 2048 FIFO) | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| DMM-32dx(-AT) | 32 (250 kHz, 1024 FIFO) | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | Verified |
| Helios | 16 (100 kHz, 2048 FIFO) | 4 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Neptune | 32 (250 kHz, 1024 FIFO) | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
Translation in progress
Notes
Особливістю роботи збору AI за перериванням є синхронізація переключення каналів та вимірів за окремим, внутрішнім, лічильником та використання FIFO як проміжного буферу вимірювання. Звісно, що цей лічильник на деяке значення буде відрізнятися від лічильника реального часу, а FIFO потрібно встигати вичитувати. Природно що потрібне підлаштування-калібровка розходження надходження даних із годинником реального часу. В цілому реалізуються наступні механізми компенсації розходження лічильників та інших явищ:
- Переповнення FIFO — у наслідку чого втрачається один кадр даних розміром у FIFO та відбувається зсув положення каналів у області даних, якщо розмір FIFO не вирівняно до кількості каналів, в додатку до розміру блоку вимірювань.
- Втрата циклів — виклик задачі обробки блоків даних може статися через один або декілька циклів, в наслідок низького пріоритету та інших факторів. Результатом цього явища є переповнення (завертання) даних блоку вимірів та потрібно повністю перевстановити час даних у реальний час.
- Різниця у лічильнику вимірювання та годинника реального часу — компенсується шляхом підлаштування реальної частоти вимірювань на розмір відхилення часу більш циклу обробки. Тут присутня похибка на час виклику задачі обробки та потрапляння на границю скидання частини буферу вимірювання (transfers thresold) на значення біля розмірності скидання буферу вимірювання, половина від періоду вимірювання.
Links
Used version the Linux driver from Diamond systems: 
dscud5.91linux.tar.gz
The patch for build driver at kernel Linux 2.6.29, used for data gathering by interrupt: lastkernels.patch